Why Agriculture Was Considered An Inefficient Sector Of...

The Soviet economy heavily depended on its agricultural sector. From 1929 onwards Stalin began the enforced system of state and collective farms, known as sovkhozy and kolkhozy respectively. These collectivized farms ‘soon proved both impracticable and too costly’ (Davies 1980). A number of factors contributed to the level of inefficiency of the Soviet collectivized system throughout its history, and this essay will discuss these factors and ultimately comment on the key factors responsible for these inefficiencies. Primarily, this essay will concentrate on, the poor treatment of peasants who worked on the collective farms, and the impacts this treatment had on their incentives to produce. Throughout this essay there will be a strong focus on the labour market as the main cause of inefficiencies, along with the inability of the Soviet Union to correctly manage the sizeable farms. I will show that these two factors working in union strongly support the argument of why agr iculture was considered to be such an inefficient sector of the Soviet Economy. There are other factors which also contribute to these inefficiency problems, they will be touched upon, but only briefly. Despite the pressures put on the agricultural industry to thrive and the movement toward a more machine based production process, it became evident that large deficiencies existed within the industry. 1929 marked the beginning of the drive for collectivised and state controlled agriculture in the Soviet Union.Show MoreRelatedWhy Nations Fail - Chapter 5 Review5470 Words   |  22 PagesLevisalles Amaury Georg-August-Università ¤t Sommer Semester 2012 Gà ¶ttingen WHY NATIONS FAIL D. ACEMOGLU J.A. 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Why was Hamilton important to the world of mathematics...

Why was Hamilton important to the world of mathematics? Well, he invented quaternions. Now, I’m not sure how to explain it, since I haven’t really learned about it. The form of this expression is a+bi+cj+dk. In this expression, the variables a, b, c, and d are all real numbers. There’s a little bit more to it than that, but I will get into detail later. Now, I don’t know how you would use it, but I’m sure it’s important! He also invented Icosian Calculus. Hopefully I will learn more about both inventions sometime next year. Hamilton was born on August 3, 1895. He was the fourth child out of 9. His parents were pretty busy, so he lived with his Uncle James. James had migrated from Scotland, so Hamilton is of Irish descent. He began†¦show more content†¦This later led to him majoring in mathematics. He we enrolled to Trinity College in 1823. Being the top student in his classes at college, Hamilton ran as a candidate to take Dr. Brin kley’s chair at the Andrews professorship of astronomy in 1827. He successfully got the chair. The committee that elected him expected him to focus on astronomy. He did focus on it a little, but Hamilton continued to focus mostly on mathematics. After 10 years, he became the president of the Royal Irish Academy. During his years at college, he got received an optime for Greek, which was one of the early languages he learned. It was also given to him for Physics. He published many papers. The first paper he published was called â€Å"Caustics†, which was sent to Dr. Brinkley. It was edited over 3 years, and officially titled â€Å"The Theorem of Systems of Rays†, which included the idea of â€Å"conical refraction†. This was printed in â€Å"The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy† in 1828. The second and third parts were released together in â€Å"On a General Method in Dynamics†, published in Transactions as well. In 1827, Hamilton inve nted a theory that helped explain the theory of light. It was called â€Å"Hamilton’s Principal function†. He died at age 60 on September 2, 1865. He is well known for these, as well as other contributions he made to mathematics. After his death, his son published â€Å"Elements of Quaternions†. The reason why Hamilton invented quaternions is because he desired to place

Occupation Health and Safety for Environmental Act - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOccupation Health and Safety for Environmental Act. Answer: Manual picking of goods from shelves under Workplace and Safety Regulations 2012 (WHS), Work Health and safety Act 2011 Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (codes of conduct) Create an environment which is well lit in dusty and humid environments under the environmental Act; free from dust and other substances. The WHS standards require employees to be provided with personal arrest systems to prevent falls Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (OHS) 1996 requires that regulations are put in place to prevent backbone injuries from carrying heavy items (Shorthreed, 2009 p. 24). The WHS code of conduct provides that an employer shall provide a safety helmet for employee where there exists potential head injuries. The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 requires that objects are properly placed to prevent them from tipping in housekeeping. The WHS regulations require that a person in charge of a working place ensures that there are falling object protection precautions apart from the protections systems on personal falls (Carnollhy, 2015 p. 18-50). Transportation across the warehouse to docking area WHS requires that employees ensure that the dock board supports the intended load Dock boards which are portable require that anchoring or use of devices are used to prevent them from moving out of position Handholds and other means are used to enable safe transfer of equipments The WHS provides that appropriate systems and physical barriers should be put in place where there is a risk of a wheel toppling over when a wheel is being driven The Australian code of practice require that there are unprotected edges and sides. This requires that edges which are 1.2 meters of 4 feet high are protected through safety systems, personal fall systems and guardrail systems. WHS requires demand appropriate training on use of equipment, inspection and maintenance as well. Loading goods into delivery trucks Employers are required by the WHS code of conduct regulations to ensure that the working environments are well lit together with the NSW, New South Wales code of practice, and Safe Work Australia codes WHS requirements require that materials used in storage do not create hazards. Such storage material include containers, bundles and bags. WHS also requires that wheel clocks are used on trucks under the rear wheels to prevent movement of trucks. NSW code of practice requires that trucks have their brakes set in wheel blocks preventing movements while loading. This also prevents sliding of trucks and causing unnecessary accidents Packing and Shrink Wrapping of Goods WHS requires that there should generally be proper packaging of goods and wrapping. Stacks should be self- supporting and not heavy, the tension created should be tough enough to support the items being wrapped Shrink wrap rolls should not be used in transporting loose products. Forklift operations Forklift operators are required to have licenses issued by qualified institution under the Worksafe Act. Licensed operators should be 18 years and over, and should demonstrate knowledge of operating the forklift, even in high risk operations under the Worksafe Act. Unsafe forklifts which have faults like worn-out tires, malfunctioning parts or uneven alignments should not be used unless they are rendered safe for use by a person competent to inspect. There should be maintenance and assessment records to ensure that the forklift are always safe for use . Forklift operators should not drive too fast (especially on bridge plates) to prevent collision hazards, they should also not cross where they are not clear as to the approaching vehicles. Forklifts should not be operated on inclines or on gradients WHS requires that forklift plants are isolated, that there is general duty of care in the workplace and that the plant design is safe for workers. Administrative work using computer WHS regulations together with OHS code of conduct require that employees provide employers with safe work places. WHS regulations provides that an employer should take necessary measures to prevent a person from radiation and should take the necessary precautions to prevent people from such radiations (Warheit, 2013 p. 193-204). The regulations also require that employees provide environmentally friendly working places to prevent exposure to dust and dirt (Thomas, 2005 p.167). WHS provides regulations for working safely with video display terminals. The publication recommends optimum VDT deployment by IT to reduce exposed radiation. National Standard for Manual Tasks (2007) gives duty holders the role of identifying musculoskeletal disorders and eliminating the risks. Designers, persons manning the workplace and manufacturers have the role of eliminating such risks at the workplace (Kirsten, 2011p. 10). Loading goods at the Docking Area Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH), and SafeWork Australian codes requires that employees use protective equipment while working under sections 19-21. Monitoring Egress and Ingress should be done at the docks manager in a restricted area so as to keep the dock area in view. Cameras should act as backup and only authorized personnel should be allowed. Forklifts should have a horn, back and front lights so as to prevent slippage in humid conditions, while providing sufficient lighting. An area adjacent to the loading dock should be identified which protects the docking from the weather; like sunlight, rain and other unsuitable conditions. Docks should be protected with dock bumpers and edge docks which prevent trailer tips and drive away trucks. Dock boards which are portable require that anchoring or use of devices are used to prevent them from moving out of position or load from rolling away. Vehicle creeps should be prevented with rear axle, wheel chocks and wheel stops. References Legislations Work Health and Safety Work Australia 2011 Environmental Biodiversity Conservation Act of 1999 SafeWork Codes Australia Work Health and Safety Codes Australia Books Connolly Jr , W.B. and Crowell, D.R., 2016. A practical guide to the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Law Journal Press. Della-Giustina, D.E., 2014. Fire Safety Management Handbook. CRC Press. Dikshith, T.S.S., 2013. Hazardous chemicals: safety management and global regulations. CRC press. Duck, F.A., 2008. Hazards, risks and safety of diagnostic ultrasound. Medical engineering physics, 30(10), pp.1338-1348. Kirsten, W., 2011. Global perspectives in workplace health promotion. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Nelson, D.I., Concha?Barrientos, M., Driscoll, T., Steenland, K., Fingerhut, M., Punnett, L., Prss?stn, A., Leigh, J. and Corvalan, C., 2005. The global burden of selected occupational diseases and injury risks: Methodology and summary. American journal of industrial medicine, 48(6), pp.400-418. Olson, S.S., 1999. International environmental standards handbook. CRC Press. Shortreed, J., 2009. Guidelines for implementing process safety management systems, Center for chemical process safety, 1993, 219+ xv pages, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, USA. ISBN 0?8169?0590?8. Price: US $120. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 72(4), pp.766-766. Thomas, I.G., 2005. Environmental management processes and practices for Australia. Federation Press. Warheit, D.B., 2013. How to measure hazards/risks following exposures to nanoscale or pigment-grade titanium dioxide particles. Toxicology letters, 220(2), pp.193-204.